Jim Crow laws and customs enforced racial segregation and discrimination in the United States, especially in the South. Who was Jim Crow?

In 1961 Freedom Riders (black and white) traveled around the South in buses, riding from Washington, D.C., to Jackson, Mississippi, where they were arrested and imprisoned. What was the purpose of the Freedom Rides?

Whites in Little Rock, Arkansas, rioted to protest the integration of Central High School. Federal troops were sent in to maintain order. Who sent the troops to Little Rock?

In 1962 a black man applied for admission to the all-white University of Mississippi. A federal court ordered the university to desegregate, but the governor of Mississippi defied the order and tried to prevent the man from enrolling. The Kennedy administration sent federal marshals with the student when he enrolled. What was the student's name?

Martin Luther King, Jr., was shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. Why was King in Memphis?

It is widely known that Jackie Robinson was the player who broke the color barrier in major league baseball. Who was the baseball executive who hired Robinson?

Many events during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States turned violent. What event is known as Bloody Sunday?

One of the best-known proponents of civil disobedience (refusal to obey civil laws or decrees), Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated nonviolent protest in the fight for civil rights. He was not, however, the first person to set forth the basic tenets of civil disobedience. Who was?

A constitutional amendment guaranteed African American men the right to vote: ''The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.'' Which amendment is this?

School desegregation was a major part of the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century. But challenges to segregation arose around the country even earlier in states such as Arkansas, Massachusetts, and Mississippi. What was the first legal challenge to segregated schools?

In 1967 President Lyndon Johnson appointed the National Commission on Civil Disorders and charged the commission with investigating urban riots in the United States. In 1968 the commission released its report, which warned, ''Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white--separate and unequal.'' What was the name of the report?

The Civil Rights Memorial, which honors 40 people who gave their lives between 1954 and 1968 in the fight for racial equality, was dedicated in 1989. Where is this memorial located?